LECTURE II
WHEN A REVIVAL IS TO BE EXPECTED
Wilt Thou not revive us again, that Thy people may rejoice in Thee? - Psalm
85:6.
The Psalmist felt that God had been very favorable to the people, and while
contemplating the goodness of the Lord in bringing them back from the land
whither they had been carried away captive, and while looking at the prospects
before them, he breaks out into a prayer for a revival of religion: "Wilt Thou
not revive us again, that Thy people may rejoice in Thee?" Since God in His
providence had re-established the ordinances of His house among them, he prays
that there may be a revival of religion to crown the work.
In my first Lecture I attempted to show what a revival of religion is not, what
a revival is, and the agencies to be employed in promoting it. The topics to
which I now wish to call attention are:
I. When a revival of religion is needed.
II. The importance of a revival when it is needed.
III. When a revival of religion may be expected.
I. WHEN A REVIVAL OF RELIGION IS NEEDED.
- 1. When there is a want of brotherly love
and Christian confidence among professors of religion, then a revival is
needed. Then there is a loud call for God to revive His work. When Christians
have sunk down into a low and backslidden state, they neither have, nor can
have, the same love and confidence toward each other, as when they are all
alive, and active, and living holy lives. God loves all men with the love of
benevolence, but He does not feel the love of complacency toward any but those
who live holy. Christians love each other with the love of complacency, only
in proportion to their holiness. If Christian love is the love of the image of
Christ in His people, then it can be exercised only where that image really or
apparently exists. A person must reflect the image of Christ, and show the
spirit of Christ before other Christians can love him with the love of
complacency. It is in vain to call on Christians to love one another with the
love of complacency, as Christians, when they are sunk down in stupidity. They
see nothing in each other to produce this love. It is next to impossible that
they should feel otherwise toward each other than they do toward sinners.
Merely knowing that they belong to the Church, or seeing them occasionally at
the Communion table, will not produce Christian love, unless they see the
image of Christ.
- 2. When there are dissensions, and
jealousies, and evil speakings among professors of religion, then there is a
great need of a revival. These things show that Christians have got far from
God, and it is time to think earnestly of a revival. Religion cannot prosper
with such things in the Church, and nothing can put an end to them like a
revival.
- 3. When there is a worldly spirit in the
Church. It is manifest that the Church has sunk down into a low and
backslidden state, when you see Christians conform to the world in dress,
equipage, and "parties," in seeking worldly amusements, and reading novels,
and other books such as the world reads. It shows that they are far from God,
and that there is great need of a revival of religion.
- 4. When the Church finds its members
falling into gross and scandalous sins, then it is time to awake and cry to
God for a revival of religion. When such things are taking place as give the
enemies of religion an occasion for reproach, it is time to ask of God: "What
will become of Thy great Name?"
- 5. When there is a spirit of controversy in
the Church or in the land, a revival is needful. The spirit of religion is not
the spirit of controversy. There can be no prosperity in religion where the
spirit of controversy prevails.
- 6. When the wicked triumph over the
Churches, and revile them, it is time to seek for a revival of religion.
- 7. When sinners are careless and stupid, it
is time Christians should bestir themselves. It is as much their duty to awake
as it is for the firemen to do so when a fire breaks out in the night in a
great city. The Church ought to put out the fires of hell which are laying
hold of the wicked. Sleep! Should the firemen sleep and let the whole city
burn down, what would be thought of such firemen? And yet their guilt would
not compare with the guilt of Christians who sleep while sinners around them
are sinking stupidly into the fires of hell.
II. THE IMPORTANCE OF A REVIVAL IN SUCH
CIRCUMSTANCES.
- 1. A revival of religion is the only
possible thing that can wipe away the reproach which covers the Church, and
restore religion to the place it ought to have in the estimation of the
public. Without a revival, this reproach will cover the Church more and more,
until it is overwhelmed with universal contempt. You may do anything else you
please, and you may change the aspects of society in some respects, but you
will do no real good; you only make it worse without a revival of religion.
You may go and build a splendid new house of worship, and line your seats with
damask, put up a costly pulpit, and get a magnificent organ, and everything of
that kind, to make a show and dash, and in that way you may procure a sort of
respect for religion among the wicked, but it does no good in reality. It
rather does hurt. It misleads them as to the real nature of religion; and so
far from converting them, it carries them farther away from salvation. Look
wherever they have surrounded the altar of Christianity with splendor, and you
will find that the impression produced is contrary to the true nature of
religion. There must be a waking up of energy on the part of Christians, and
an outpouring of God's Spirit, or the world will laugh at the Church.
- 2. Nothing else will restore Christian love
and confidence among Church members. Nothing but a revival can restore it, and
nothing else ought to restore it. There is no other way to wake up that love
of Christians for one another which is sometimes felt, when they have such
love as they cannot express. You cannot have such love without confidence; and
you cannot restore confidence without such evidence of piety as is seen in a
revival. If a minister find he has lost in any degree the confidence of his
people, he ought to labor for a revival as the only means of regaining their
confidence.
- I do not mean that his motive in laboring
for a revival should be merely to regain the confidence of his people, but
that a revival through his instrumentality(and ordinarily nothing else) will
restore to him the confidence of the praying part of his people. So if an
elder or private member of the Church finds his brethren cold towards him,
there is but one way to restore it. It is by being revived himself, and
pouring out from his eyes and from his life the splendor of the Image of
Christ. This spirit will catch and spread in the Church; confidence will be
renewed, and brotherly love prevail again.
- 3. At such a time a revival of religion is
indispensable to avert the judgments of God from the Church. I his would be a
strange preaching if revivals were only miracles. and if the Church has no
more agency in producing them than it has in producing a thunderstorm. We
could not then say to the Church: "Unless there is a revival you may expect
judgments." The fact is, Christians are more to blame for not being revived,
than sinners are for not being converted. And if they are not awakened, they
may know assuredly that God will visit them with His judgments.
- How often God visited the Jewish Church
with judgments because they would not repent and be revived at the call of His
prophets! How often have we seen Churches, and even whole denominations,
cursed with a curse, because they would not wake up and seek the Lord, and
pray: "Wilt Thou not revive us again, that Thy people may rejoice in Thee?"
- 4. Nothing but a revival of religion can
preserve such a Church from annihilation. A Church declining in this way
cannot continue to exist without a revival. If it receives new members, they
will, for the most part, be made up of ungodly persons. Without revivals there
will not ordinarily be as many persons converted as will die off in a year.
There have been Churches in this country where the members have died off, and,
since there were no revivals to convert others in their place, the Church has
"run out," and the organization has been dissolved.
- A minister told me he once labored as a
missionary in Virginia, on the ground where such a man as Samuel Davies once
shone like a flaming torch; and that Davies' Church was so reduced as to have
but one male member, and he, if I remember right, was a colored man. The
Church had got proud, and was "run out." I have heard of a Church in
Pennsylvania, that was formerly flourishing, but neglected revivals, and it
became so reduced that the pastor had to send to a neighboring Church for a
ruling elder when he administered the Communion.(Why not, in such a case, let
any member of the Church, male or female, distribute the elements? Is it
indispensable to have an elder?)
- 5. Nothing but a revival of religion can
prevent the means of grace from doing a great injury to the ungodly. Without a
revival they will grow harder and harder under preaching, and will experience
a more horrible damnation than they would if they had never heard the Gospel.
Your children and your friends will go down to a much more horrible fate in
hell, in consequence of the means of grace, if there are no revivals to
convert them to God. Better were it for them if there were no means of grace,
no sanctuary, no Bible, no preaching, than to live and die where there is no
revival. The Gospel is the savor of death unto death, if it is not made a
savor of life unto life.
- 6. There is no other way in which a Church
can be sanctified, grow in grace, and be fitted for heaven. What is "growing
in grace"? Is it hearing sermons and getting some new notions about religion?
No; no such thing.
- The Christian who does this, and nothing
more, is getting worse and worse, more and more hardened, and every week it is
more difficult to rouse him up to duty.
III. WHEN A REVIVAL MAY BE EXPECTED.
- 1. When the providence of God indicates
that a revival is at hand. The indications of God's providence are sometimes
so plain as to amount to a revelation of His will. There is a conspiring of
events to open the way, a preparation of circumstances to favor a revival, so
that those who are looking out can see that a revival is at hand, just as
plainly as if it had been revealed from heaven. Cases have occurred in this
country where the providential manifestations were so plain that those who
were careful observers felt no hesitation in saying that God was coming to
pour out His Spirit and grant a revival. There are various ways for God so to
indicate
- His will to a people; sometimes by giving
them peculiar means, sometimes by peculiar and alarming events, sometimes by
remarkably favoring the employment of means, or by the state of the public
health.
- 2. When the wickedness of the wicked
grieves and humbles and distresses Christians. Sometimes Christians do not
seem to mind anything about the wickedness around them. Or, if they do talk
about it, it is in a cold, and callous, and unfeeling way, as if they
despaired of a reformation: they are disposed to scold sinners - not to feel
the compassion of the Son of God for them. But sometimes the conduct of the
wicked drives Christians to prayer, breaks them down, and makes them sorrowful
and tender-hearted, so that they can weep day and night, and instead of
scolding the wicked they pray earnestly for them. Then you may expect a
revival. Indeed, it is begun already.
- Sometimes the wicked will get up an
opposition to religion. And when this drives Christians to their knees in
prayer to God, with strong crying and tears, you may be certain there is going
to be a revival. The prevalence of wickedness is no evidence at all that there
is not going to be a revival. That is often God's time to work. When the enemy
cometh in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord lifts up a standard against
him. Often the first indication of a revival is that the devil gets up
something new in opposition. This will invariably have one of two effects. It
will either drive Christians to God, or it will drive them farther away from
God, to some carnal policy or other that will only make things worse.
Frequently the most outrageous wickedness of the ungodly is followed by a
revival. If Christians are made to feel that they have no hope but in God, and
if they have sufficient feeling left to care for the honor of God and the
salvation of the souls of the impenitent, there will certainly be a revival.
Let hell boil over if it will, and spew out as many devils as there are stones
in the pavement, if it only drives Christians to God in prayer - it cannot
hinder a revival. Let Satan "get up a row," and sound his horn as loud as he
pleases; if Christians will only be humbled and pray, they shall soon see
God's naked arm in a revival of religion. I have known instances where a
revival has broken in upon the ranks of the enemy, almost as suddenly as a
clap of thunder, and scattered them, taken the ringleaders as trophies, and
broken up their party in an instant.
- 3. A revival may be expected when
Christians have a spirit of prayer for a revival. That is, when they pray as
if their hearts were set upon it.
- Sometimes Christians are not engaged in
definite prayer for a revival, not even when they are warm in prayer. Their
minds are upon something else; they are praying for something else - the
salvation of the heathen and the like - and not for a revival among
themselves. But when they feel the want of a revival, they pray for it; they
feel for their own families and neighborhoods; they pray for them as if they
could not be denied. What constitutes a spirit of prayer? Is it many prayers
and warm words? No.
Prayer is the state of the heart. The spirit of prayer is a state of continual
desire and anxiety of mind for the salvation of sinners. It is something that
weighs them down. It is the same, so far as the philosophy of mind is
concerned, as when a man is anxious for some worldly interest. A Christian who
has this spirit of prayer feels anxious for souls. It is the subject of his
thoughts all the time, and makes him look and act as if he had a load on his
mind. He thinks of it by day, and dreams of it by night.
This is properly "praying without ceasing." His prayers seem to flow from his
heart liquid as water: "O Lord, revive Thy work." Sometimes this feeling is
very deep; persons have been bowed down so that they could neither stand nor
sit. I can name men in this State, of firm nerves, who stand high in
character, who have been absolutely crushed with grief for the state of
sinners. The feeling is not always so great as this, but such things are much
more common than is supposed. In the great revivals in 1826, they were common.
This is by no means enthusiasm. It is just what Paul felt when he said: "My
little children, of whom I travail in birth." This travail of soul is that
deep agony which persons feel when they lay hold on God for such a blessing,
and will not let Him go till they receive it. I do not mean to be understood
that it is essential to a spirit of prayer that the distress should be so
great as this. But this deep, continual, earnest desire for the salvation of
sinners is what constitutes the spirit of prayer for a revival.
When this feeling exists in a Church, unless the Spirit is grieved away by
sin, there will infallibly be a revival of Christians generally, and it will
involve the conversion of sinners to God. A clergyman once told me of a
revival among his people, which commenced with a zealous and devoted woman in
the Church. She became anxious about sinners, and gave herself to praying for
them; she prayed, and her distress increased; and she finally came to her
minister and talked with him asking him to appoint an anxious inquirers'
meeting, for she felt that one was needed. The minister put her off, for he
felt nothing of any such need. The next week she came again, and besought him
again to appoint such a meeting. She knew there would be somebody to come, for
she felt as if God was going to pour out His Spirit. The minister once more
put her off. And finally she said to him: "If you do not appoint the meeting I
shall die, for there is certainly going to be a revival." The next Sabbath he
appointed a meeting, and said that if there were any who wished to converse
with him about the salvation of their souls, he would meet them on such an
evening. He did not know of one, but when he went to the place, to his
astonishment he found a large number of anxious inquirers. Now, do not you
think that woman knew there was going to be a revival? Call it what you
please, a new revelation or an old revelation, or anything else. I say it was
the Spirit of God that taught that praying woman there was going to be a
revival. "The secret of the Lord" was with her, and she knew it. She knew God
had been in her heart, and filled it so full that she could contain no longer.
Sometimes ministers have had this distress about their congregations, so that
they felt as if they could not live unless they saw a revival.
Sometimes elders and deacons, or private members of the Church, men or women,
have the spirit of prayer for a revival of religion, so that they will hold on
and prevail with God, till He pours out His Spirit. The first ray of light
that broke in upon the midnight which rested on the Churches in Oneida County,
in the fall of 1825, was from a woman in feeble health, who, I believe, had
never been in a powerful revival. Her soul was exercised about sinners. She
was in an agony for the land. She did not know what ailed her, but she kept
praying more and more, till it seemed as if her agony would destroy her body.
At length she became full of joy, and exclaimed. "God has come! God has come!
There is no mistake about it, the work is begun, and is going all over the
region." And sure enough the work began, and her family were all converted,
and the work spread all over that part of the country. Now, do you think that
woman was deceived? I tell you, no. She knew she had prevailed with God in
prayer.
Generally there are but few professors of religion who know anything about
this spirit of prayer which prevails with God. I have been amazed to see such
accounts as are often published about revivals, as if the revival had come
without any cause - nobody knew why or wherefore. I have sometimes inquired
into such cases; when it had been given out that nobody knew anything about it
until one Sabbath they saw by the faces of the congregation that God was
there, or they saw it in their conference-room, or prayer-meeting, and were
astonished at the mysterious Sovereignty of God in bringing in a revival
without any apparent connection with means.
Now mark me. Go and inquire among the obscure members of the Church and you
will always find that somebody had been praying for a revival, and was
expecting it - some man or woman had been agonizing in prayer for the
salvation of sinners, until the blessing was gained. It may have found the
minister and the body of the Church fast asleep, and they would wake up all of
a sudden, like a man just rubbing his eyes open, running round the room,
pushing things over, and wondering where all the excitement comes from. But
though few knew it, you may be sure there had been somebody on the
watch-tower, constant in prayer till the blessing came. Generally, a revival
is more or less extensive, as there are more or less persons who have the
spirit of prayer.
- 4. Another sign that a revival may be
expected is when the attention of ministers is especially directed to this
particular object, and when their preaching and other efforts are aimed
particularly at the conversion of sinners. Most of the time the labors of
ministers are, it would seem, directed to other objects. They seem to preach
and labor with no particular design to effect the immediate conversion of
sinners, and then it need not be expected that there will be a revival under
their preaching. There never will be a revival till somebody makes particular
efforts for this end. But when the attention of a minister is directed to the
state of the families in his congregation, and when his heart is full of
feeling of the necessity of a revival, and he puts forth the proper efforts
for this end, then you may be prepared to expect a revival. As I have
explained, the connection between the right use of means for a revival, and a
revival, is as philosophically sure as between the right use of means to raise
grain, and a crop of wheat. I believe, in fact, it is more certain, and that
there are fewer instances of failure. The effect is more certain to follow.
Probably the law connecting cause and effect is more undeviating in spiritual
than in natural things, and so there are fewer exceptions. The paramount
importance of spiritual things makes it reasonable that it should be so.
- Take the Bible, the nature of the case, and
the history of the Church all together, and you will find fewer failures in
the use of means for a revival than in farming or any other worldly business.
In worldly affairs there are sometimes cases where counteracting causes
annihilate all a man can do. In raising grain, for instance, there are cases
which are beyond the control of man, such as drought, hard winter, worms, and
so on. So in laboring to promote a revival, there may things occur to
counteract it, something or another suddenly diverting the public attention
from religion, which may baffle every effort. But I believe there are fewer
such cases in the moral than in the natural world. I have seldom seen an
individual fail when he used the means for promoting a revival in earnest, in
the manner pointed out in the Word of God. I believe a man may enter on the
work of promoting a revival with as reasonable an expectation of success as he
can enter on any other work with an expectation of success - with the same
expectation as the farmer has of a crop when he sows his grain. I have
sometimes seen this tried and succeed under circumstances the most forbidding
that can be conceived.
The great revival at Rochester 10 began under the most disadvantageous
circumstances that could well be imagined. It seemed as though Satan had
interposed every possible obstacle to a revival. The three Churches were at
variance. One had no minister: one was divided and was about to dismiss its
minister. An elder of the third Presbyterian Church had brought a charge
against the pastor of the first Church. After the work began, one of the first
things was, the great stone Church gave way and created a panic. 11 Then one
of the Churches went on and dismissed their minister right in the midst of it.
Many other things occurred, so that it seemed as if the devil were determined
to divert public attention from the subject of religion. But there were a few
remarkable cases of the spirit of prayer, which assured us that God was there,
and we went on; and the more Satan opposed, the Spirit of the Lord lifted up
the standard higher and higher, till finally a wave of salvation rolled over
the place.
- 5. A revival of religion may be expected
when Christians begin to confess their sins to one another. At other times
they confess in a general manner, as if they are only half in earnest. They
may do it in eloquent language, but it does not mean anything. But when there
is an ingenuous breaking down, and a pouring out of the heart in confession of
sin, the flood-gates will soon burst open, and salvation will flow over the
place.
- A revival may be expected whenever
Christians are found willing to make the sacrifices necessary to carry it on.
They must be willing to sacrifice their feelings, their business, their time,
to help forward the work.
Ministers must be willing to lay out their strength, and to jeopardize their
health and life. They must be willing to offend the impenitent by plain and
faithful dealing, and perhaps offend many members of the Church who will not
come up to the work. They must take a decided stand with the revival, be the
consequences what they may. They must be prepared to go on with the work even
though they should lose the affections of all the impenitent, and of all the
cold part of the Church. The minister must be prepared, if it be the will of
God, to be driven away from the place. He must be determined to go straight
forward, and leave the entire event with God.
I knew a minister who had a young man laboring with him in a revival. The
young man preached pretty plain truth and the wicked did not like him.
They said: "We like our minister and we wish to have him preach." They finally
said so much that the minister told the young man: "Such and such a person,
who gives so much towards my support, says so-and-so; Mr. A. also says so, and
Mr. B. likewise. They think it will break up the society if you continue to
preach, and I think you had better not preach any more." The young man went
away, but the Spirit of God immediately withdrew from the place and the
revival stopped short. The minister, by yielding to the wicked desires of the
ungodly, drove Him away, being afraid that the devil would drive him away from
his people. So by undertaking to satisfy the devil he offended God. And God so
ordered events that in a short time the minister had to leave his people after
all. He undertook to go between the devil and God, and God dismissed him.
So the people, also, must be willing to have a revival, let the sacrifice be
what it may. It will not do for them to say: "We are willing to attend so many
meetings, but we cannot attend any more." Or: "We are willing to have a
revival if it will not disturb our arrangements about our business, or prevent
our making money." I tell you, such people will never have a revival till they
are willing to do anything, and sacrifice anything, that God indicates to be
their duty. Christian merchants must feel willing to lock up their stores for
six months, if it is necessary to carry on a revival. I do not mean that any
such thing is called for, or that it is their duty to do so. But if there
should be such a state of feeling as to call for it, then it would be their
duty and they ought to be willing to do it. They ought to be willing to do it
at the call of God, for He can easily burn down their stores if they do not.
In fact, I should not be sorry to see such a revival in New York, as would
make every merchant in the city lock up his store till spring, and say that he
had sold goods enough and would now give up his whole time to leading sinners
to Christ.
- 7. A revival may be expected when ministers
and professors are willing to have God promote it by whatsoever instruments He
pleases. Sometimes ministers are not willing to have a revival unless they can
have the management of it, or unless their agency can be conspicuous in
promoting it. They wish to prescribe to God what He shall direct and bless,
and what men He shall put forward. They will have no new measures. they cannot
have any of this "new-light" 12 preaching, or of these evangelists that go
about the country preaching! They have a good deal to say about God being a
Sovereign, and that He will have revivals come in His own way and time. But
then He must choose to have it just in their way or they will have nothing to
do with it. Such men will sleep on until they are awakened by the judgment
trumpet, without a revival, unless they are willing that God should come in
His own way - unless they are willing to have anything or anybody employed
that will do the most good.
- 8. Strictly I should say that when the
foregoing things occur, a revival, to some extent, already exists. In truth a
revival should be expected whenever it is needed. If we need to be revived it
is our duty to be revived. If it is duty it is possible, and we should set
about being revived ourselves, and, relying on the promise of Christ to be
with us in making disciples always and everywhere, we ought to labor to revive
Christians and convert sinners, with a confident expectation of success.
Therefore, whenever the Church needs reviving, it ought and may expect to be
revived, and to see sinners converted to Christ. When those things are seen
which are named under the foregoing heads, let Christians and ministers be
encouraged and know that a good work is already begun. Follow it up.
REMARKS.
- 1. Brethren, you can tell from our subject,
whether you need a revival or not, in your Church or in your city, and whether
you are going to have one or not. Elders of the Church, men, women, any of
you, and all of you - what do you say? Do you need a revival? Do you expect to
have one?
- Have you any reason to expect one? You need
not be in any mist about it, for you know, or can know if you will, whether
you have any reason to look for a revival.
- 2. You see why you have not a revival. It
is only because you do not want one. Because you are neither praying for it,
nor feeling anxious for it, nor putting forth efforts for it. I appeal to your
own consciences: Are you making these efforts now, to promote a revival? You
know, brethren, what the truth is about it. Will you stand up and say that you
have made efforts for a revival and have been disappointed - that you have
cried to God: "Wilt Thou not revive us?" and that God would not do it?
- 3 Do you wish a revival? Will you have one?
if God should ask you this moment, by an audible voice from heaven, "Do you
want a revival?" would you dare to say: "Yes"? If He were to ask: "Are you
willing to make the sacrifices?" would you answer: "Yes"? And if He said:
"When shall it begin?" would you answer: "Let it begin tonight - let it begin
here - let it begin in my heart NOW"? Would you dare to say so to God, if you
should hear His voice tonight?
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